Who among us does not know the torment of being in a hot car, standing in a traffic jam by the mercilessly scorching sun. Open windows and a blower on do not bring any relief, and street noise and exhaust fumes lead to passion. Można …
Category: Technique
Actual fuel consumption
The fuel consumption given in the characteristics of cars is an economic indicator for a given brand and is an important parameter when comparing vehicles. In real operating conditions it will differ from the catalog values given in the car characteristics. It should be remembered, that the actual movement of the vehicle …
Fuel consumption measurements
Fuel consumption measurements carried out in accordance with the standard make it possible to compare engine design solutions, the effect of vehicle weight on the efficiency of the drive unit installed in it, various types of drive systems, or different brands and models of cars. Fuel consumption test in accordance with the above-mentioned. by the rules it carries out …
The inclination of the axis of the kingpin
The inclination of the axis of the kingpin (applies to the steering axle) it is the angle between the straight line passed through the switch pin (np. by two wishbone joints or by the upper McPherson strut mount and a wishbone joint), a perpendicular to the ground. W samochodach seryjnych praktycznie nie podlega …
Suspension geometry parameters
In fact, there are several parameters to the geometry of the suspension. Most of them concern the steering axle, some, however, also apply to the non-steered axle, the geometry of which also significantly influences the behavior of the car on the road. There are also parameters regarding the geometry of the chassis as …
Suspension geometry
For most drivers, the issue of the geometry of the suspension seems simple and easy. After all, it is enough to go to the workshop, to "set to convergence" and you're done. Anyway, this problem, even when it is, many consider it insignificant, downright irrelevant, because and before…
Flexible torsion beam
The rear suspension with a flexible torsion beam is particularly suitable for small and medium-sized front-wheel drive cars. Its elements do not take up much space, which makes it easier for the designer to plan the location of the exhaust system, spare wheel and fuel tank, while maintaining sufficient usable space …
Trailing wishbones
The car's suspension includes guiding elements, elastic and damping. They ensure the correct displacement of the wheels in relation to the body, springing and converting the energy of vibrating motion into heat and dissipating it to the environment. The suspension characteristics are always a compromise between two substantially contradictory requirements – …
VW Lupo FSI engine
The FSI engine is equipped with an intake manifold with a variable cross-section of the channels. The cross-section is reduced, when the engine is running at part load, and increased as the torque requirement increases. The cross-section size is regulated by a vacuum actuator, changing the location of the additional ones …
Gasoline engine direct injection – principle of operation
During the intake stroke, air is sucked into the cylinder along with some exhaust gas, supplied by the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR). The purpose of exhaust gas re-suction is to improve the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from previous engine operation cycles. The presence of exhaust gases during …